Integrating Electric Vehicles to Power Grids: A Review on Modeling, Regulation, and Market Operation

Fossil energy consumption and environmental protection issues have pushed electric vehicles (EVs) to become one of the alternatives traditional fossil-fuel vehicles. EV refers a vehicle that uses as power is driven by an motor. The EVs stored in batteries. When not traveling, battery can provide for other loads. Therefore, with increase number load grid, EV-to-grid (V2G) mode, which supply has gradually entered field vision researchers. physical connection charge discharge technology, management strategy are main topics current review papers; however, there lack systematic research on V2G modeling, framework, business models. This paper describes concepts spatio-temporal distribution model adjustable capacity EVs. In addition, common constraints methods optimization introduced. Moreover, this introduces interactive relationship among grids, aggregators, users. Furthermore, introduced analyzed from various perspectives. Finally, future development pointed out. paper’s goal overview present application scenarios identify any challenges must be overcome.